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Biofire FilmArray Panel Test to detect pathogens

The Biofire FilmArray Panels perform multiplex testing to detect pathogens on specifically mentioned samples:

Panel Sample Type Container Transportation Temperature Turnaround Time
BioFire Blood Culture Identification 2 (BCID2) FilmArray Panel Blood, pus or body fluid Blood culture bottle (paired) Room temperature 4 hours

(post blood culture flagging positive)

Gastrointestinal FilmArray Panel Stool Cary Blair transport medium/ sterile container 2°C – 8 °C (if transported in Cary Blair medium)

Frozen (if Cary Blair medium is not available)

4 hours
Respiratory 2.1 FilmArray Panel Nasopharyngeal swab 3ml of viral transport media (VTM) / saline At room temperature for up to 4 hours (15°C – 25 °C)

Refrigerated for up to 3 days (2°C – 8 °C)

4 hours
Pneumonia Plus FilmArray Panel Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

sputum (induced and expectorated)

endotracheal aspirate (ETA)

Sterile container Refrigerated for up to 1 day (2°C – 8°C) 4 hours
Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) FilmArray Panel CSF Sterile container CSF in frozen condition or transported on ice within 24-30 hrs 4 hours

Quality Control: In built extraction & PCR control in the lyophilized form in the pouches ensures the quality check at critical steps of extraction & PCR for sample inhibitory effect. 

Result terminology:

  • Detected:
    When the result is shown as detected for a specific pathogen/ resistance gene, it means:

    • Controls were successfully passed, AND
    • The specific genetic material for the pathogen/ resistance gene was detected.
  • Not Detected:
    ​When the result is shown as not detected for a specific pathogen/ resistance gene, it means:

    • Controls were successfully passed, AND
    • The specific genetic material for the pathogen/ resistance gene was not detected.

Interpretation of antimicrobial resistance genes in the pneumonia and BCID2 Biofire panels:

Antimicrobial resistance gene Interpretation
CTX-M Production of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)(1)

Resistance to a wide range of commonly used β-lactam antibiotics including third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, but not generally against ceftazidime)

IMP Carbapenemase production(2)

Resistance to carbapenems

KPC Carbapenemase production(3)

Resistance to carbapenems

MCR-1 Colistin resistance(4)
MecA / MecC, MREJ Presence of MRSA(5)
NDM Carbapenemase production(3)

Resistance to carbapenems

OXA-48 Carbapenemase production(3)

Resistance to carbapenems

VanA/B Vancomycin resistance(6)
VIM Carbapenemase production(3)

Resistance to carbapenems

References:

  1.  Rossolini GM, D’Andrea MM, Mugnaioli C. The spread of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008 Jan;14:33–41.
  2.  Lowe CF, Matic N, Champagne S, Romney MG, Leung V, Ritchie G. The Brief Case: IMP, the Uncommonly Common Carbapenemase. Burnham C-AD, editor. J Clin Microbiol [Internet]. 2020 Mar 25 [cited 2021 Dec 21];58(4). Available from: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JCM.01094-19
  3.  Han R, Shi Q, Wu S, Yin D, Peng M, Dong D, et al. Dissemination of Carbapenemases (KPC, NDM, OXA-48, IMP, and VIM) Among Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From Adult and Children Patients in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Jul 3;10:314.
  4.  Li B, Yin F, Zhao X, Guo Y, Wang W, Wang P, et al. Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 Mediates Cell Permeability and Resistance to Hydrophobic Antibiotics. Front Microbiol. 2020 Jan 10;10:3015.
  5.  Becker K, Denis O, Roisin S, Mellmann A, Idelevich EA, Knaack D, et al. Detection of mecA and mecC Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates by the New Xpert MRSA Gen 3 PCR Assay. Burnham C-AD, editor. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jan;54(1):180–4.
  6.  Phukan C, Lahkar M, Ranotkar S, Saikia K. Emergence of vanA gene among vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a tertiary care hospital of North – East India. Indian J Med Res. 2016;143(3):357.

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